The clean distinction
Insured accounts, stable balance, modest interest. For emergencies and goals within ~3-5 years. The worst case is mild: inflation nibbles.
Stocks, bonds, funds. Historically higher long-run returns, with genuine down years — broad US stock indexes have dropped over 30% in bad stretches. For money with 5+ year patience.
Money you may NEED soon should be somewhere safe and easy to access. Money you WON'T touch for many years can take market risk deliberately.
Why the order matters
Layoffs cluster in downturns — exactly when the invested 'fund' is down 25%. Safety money stays boring on purpose.
At 3% inflation, cash loses about a quarter of its buying power in a decade. Past the emergency fund, all-cash is also a risk.
Starter cushion → kill high-interest debt → full emergency fund → then investing, steadily. The Roadmap page walks it.
来源: SEC Investor.gov — Saving and investing basics · BLS — CPI (inflation data)